Suppose we have a text that reads: "GUR PENML XRL VF ZL FRPERG CBFG". We can calculate the IC of this text using the formula above.
$$IC = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{26} f_i(f_i-1)}{N(N-1)}$$
After calculating the IC, we get a value of 0.065. This suggests that the text is likely encrypted.
The IC value ranges from 0 to 1. A value close to 0 indicates that the text is likely encrypted, while a value close to 1 indicates that the text is written in a natural language.
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